The Environment

The Problem

Harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and Lake St. Claire: Figure obtained from Michigan Sea Grant.
Harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair: figure obtained from Michigan Sea Grant

The environment has become polluted with several toxic substances, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and metals, as well as air pollution particulates and oxidizing (reactive) gases. These substances can be neurotoxic and injure nerves, leading to neurological diseases.

  • The “exposome” is an individual’s cumulative lifetime exposure to toxic environmental hazards, which can affect their likelihood of developing a neurological illness or other diseases.
  • People may be exposed to environmental toxins in their homes and their surroundings, or at work, such as an occupational hazard.
  • The “exposome” can also interact with an individual’s genetic profile to affect the risk of disease development.
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is linked with exposure to POPs, pesticides, and metals, and possibly air pollution.
  • Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is linked with exposure to air pollution and possibly pesticides and metals.
  • Parkinson’s disease (PD) is possibly linked with exposure to pesticides, metals, and air pollution.

OUR KEY DISCOVERIES

  • Higher levels of legacy pollutants (i.e. POPs) in blood correlate with ALS risk. READ THE STUDY
  • Higher levels of POPs in blood correlate with shorter survival of ALS patients. READ THE STUDY
  • Pesticide exposure was more frequent in ALS patients compared to healthy individuals. READ THE STUDY
  • Higher levels of specific metals (e.g., chromium, manganese, nickel) in teeth early in life correlates with ALS risk. READ THE STUDY
  • Certain metabolites (products of metabolism) indicating xenobiotic exposure (i.e., exposure to substances not usually present in the body or natural environment) were identified in ALS patients compared to healthy individuals. READ THE STUDY
  • The “gut microbiome”, the bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit the gut, may also affect ALS progression and immune system activation. READ THE STUDY